Smoking & its Harms Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smoking & its Harms - Research Paper Example ed smoking in the public areas as escalating pollution problems, mounting diseases and increase in death rate of citizens activated healthcare organizations to raise voice. Fine of $50 was imposed on the law violators (Adams and Malarcher, 2012). The movement brought considerable results as huge majority of the individuals immediately stopped smoking in public areas but after few months; people were back on track again. Violation of law started again and smoking scenario can be seen in the city. The amount is not that paramount though but pollution in the city is rising due to this problem. People do not smoke in public parks, public transport, and bars but on pedestrian trails; smokers are found (Patel, Thomson and Wilson, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to highlight the problem of smoking in NYC. What is the importance and significance of this problem and what measures are essential to eradicate this problem. The movement started in the recent years along with public response is illustrated in this paper. Moreover critical analysis is exemplified for precise understanding about the issue. The creation of law of non smoking in 2003 had strong basis of the death of 50,000 individuals per annum. The 14 miles beaches of the city beside 1700 parks were declared non smoking areas. The City Council of New York passed the law by keeping in view casualties of several individuals. Smoking was banned on pedestrian walk through, bars, shopping malls too. Respiratory infections, lungs cancer, asthma and cardio vascular diseases emerged due to cigarette smokers. Smokers lay negative impact on the society too. People are not able to enjoy on public spots due to smoking and even pessimistic message is taken by the children (Ossad, 2011). The law against smoking free NYC was formulated in 1988 but amendments in it continued for three consecutive times. Lately in 2003, the law was enforced vibrantly into the city. The rise of this critical issue was important because of

Digital Futures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Digital Futures - Essay Example This creature is then destined to serve in various fields that a normal human being cannot serve. Likewise, cloning has also drawn the attention of many, where people want to replicate superior organisms. The Australian Defense Forces has shown great interest on the emerging cyborg technology, asserting that it will serve a great deal in boosting its security. This paper will discuss digital futures in light of cyborg technology in the Australian Defence Forces. Cyborg technology Human beings have been ambitious in the creation of living things from non-living parts. While this may seem like just a dream, tremendous progress has been made in this field. This artificial creation of life can be categorized into two broad classes. First is carbon-based live, where living organisms are developed from classical building blocks of nature. The other one is where scientists create living organisms using the same principles of creation, but implementing them differently. This may be through m achines such as computers or laboratory bags. Cyborg technology falls under the first mode of creation where organisms are developed from components found in the world. This process uses materials that have no relation with the human body such as metals and plastics (Adami, 1998). Cyborg technology is no longer a myth, as it is possible to develop robots that can function as well as human being. With technology, scientists are now able to develop structures that enhances the functionality of human being. They argue that humans have limited capability and to survive in a complex world, the society needs a structure with superior abilities. As a result they have developed a human-robot with superior intelligent than the normal robots, and named it cyborg. A cyborg, as the name suggests is a cybernetic organism, composed of the human part and the machine part. These two parts are integrated in a special way in order to perform the required tasks (Warwick, n.d). However, there are numer ous challenges that are associated with the functionality of a cyborg, bearing in mind that human beings are the one that control it. The big question still lies as to whether cyborgs have been able to accomplish the purpose they were designed for, or more research needs to be conducted for their improvement (Seed, 2005). What constitutes a cyborg is still vague as it is possible to narrow the definition to any living organism, whose body system has mechanical or biotechnologies. With this regard, about 10% for instance of the United States citizens are cyborgs. This group of people in technical terms includes those who have artificial joints, drug implant systems, artificial skins or with electronic pacemakers. In short, those with an artificial element that prevents their bodies to act naturally. On the other hand, a large number of people engage in careers that make them metaphoric cyborgs. It is with certainty that these people accidentally found themselves in this category (See d, 2005). The creation of the cyborg started when the military saw the need for improving its performance. With rise in human power and military equipment, the military sought to develop a structure that would function more than human beings would. As a result, it opted to combine the human element and the mechanical element to come up with a superior product. Initially, scientists through accidents had replaced most of the vital organs in